THÉOPHILE GAUTIER was born at Tarbes in the sub-Pyrenean region of far southern France in 1811. He studied art, but later turned to literature, and became an influential art critic. Of his several novels the most famous is Mademoiselle de Maupin (1835). He also wrote poetry, novellas, short stories and travel memoirs. The novelist Judith Gautier was his daughter. He died in 1872.